December 2017

  1. Hareesh Reddy, M. and Dr. Samalbasivarao, A.
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    This review article focus on the various preformulation parameters which effect the development of new dosage form like drug solubility, dissolution rate, partition coefficient, polymorphic forms and stability. Every drug has intrinsic physical and chemical properties which have been consider before development of pharmaceutical formulation. This property provides the framework for drug’s combination with pharmaceutical ingredients. Preformulation studies carried out by various researchers and scientists are reviewed. Preformulation studies conduct for newly synthesized compounds or extracted compound and it gives the information regarding the degradation process, any side effects relevant to the drug, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and formulation of similar compound and toxicity. Preformulation studies strengthen the scientific foundation of the guide lines, provide regulatory relief and conserve resources in the drug development and evaluation process, improve public safety standards, enhance product quality in the manufacturing of dosage form. Objective of preformulation study is to develop the elegant, comfort, stable, effective and safe dosage form by establishing kinetic rate profile, compatibility with the other ingredients and establish Physico- chemical factors of new drug substances.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1679
  2. Mansurov Ulugbek Umarovich
    ABSTRACT:

    In this article the influence of the February Revolution of 1917 on the changes in the government system of the cities of Fergana Valley was described.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1732
  3. Bakwa D. Dunka, Dr. Edim A. Emmanuel and Dantala O. Oyeyinka
    ABSTRACT:

    The proliferation of mobile technologies has brought about a unified communication sphere along with verse and modern experiences. These emerging technologies have intensified competition within the mobile communication industry. This competition has further led to some problems for the users as well as application developers. Developers are not able to access and modify mobile applications codes that operate on other platforms i.e. Native platform incompatibilities. In this study, we advance the academic notion of developing a hybrid mobile application into a practical perspective. The same code base for these application promises a simple yet timely approach to multiple platforms. The result of the study addresses the problems inherent with vendor specific platform dependency and parallel developer’s expertise. A hybrid mobile application was designed using emerging Ionic framework and leaflet to ensure its practicality on and roid, iOS and windows platforms. The need to adapt Ionic framework for developing hybrid mobile applications will offers simplicity and flexibility in user communication experience. It will be a potential to break the monopoly of native dominant technologies.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1784
  4. Resna Reghu
    ABSTRACT:

    Man’s use of environment many times can create several problems. Expanding human requirement and socio economic developments imposes ever increasing pressure on our resource base. English India clay Ltd worked at Velichikkala, kollam district engaged in mining and processing of china clay. Total reserves of clay both sedimentary and residual are 7.4 million tonnes. The Company produced different grades of kaolin. Although mineral resources are the important economic commodity for trade and commerce, mining and processing of mineral resources in Velichikkala created many socio- economic problems even after the mine was closed. This paper reports the findings of a study undertaken in to assess the socio-economic problems due to mining in Velichikkala, Kollam district.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1611
  5. Muhammad, S., Chafe, U.M., Daneji, A.I., Adamu, Y.A., Mohammed, A.A. and Bello, M.R.
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Members of the Trypanosomatidae family responsible for sleeping sickness in man and debilitating disease in animals share common feature of structural organelle arrangement with other eukaryotes. While screening blood of four species of wild fish of Northern Nigeria (Clarias gariepinus, Mormyrus rume, Bagras bayad, and Tilapia zilli) from 2 locations in Sokoto and Zamfara States for trypanosomes, two unfamiliar morphotypes of bloodstream trypamastigotes were incidentally observed in two Clarias gariepinus from Rabah and Nato dams respectively. Recommended parasitological techniques with Giemsa stain and light microscopy were adopted for processing. The prominent unusual features were: protruded kinetoplasts at the posterior border, barely discernible undulating membranes and apparently posterior inclined nucleus. The abnormal herniation of kinetoplast into a sac- like compartment posteriorly, was described as ‘Ectopic’. These unusual and aberrant external appendages were suspended to the rest of the body by a strip of hollow tissues (2.2 – 2.9 µm). The cytoskeleton configuration confer abnormal status, as the cells were morphologically unique and distinct from Trypanoplasma, Leishmania or Crithridia that share phylogenic origin within the Trypanosoma genus. There is dearth of information on gross mal positioning of kinetoplast to exterior compartment. The extreme low occurrence of these cells (2/2500) could not confer the status of new membership within the genus, rather the authors are poised to proffer probable pathogenesis of malformation to several factors as mechanical injury, or reproductive defects in cytogenesis and cytokinesis.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1614
  6. Liu Yuping, B.S., Chen Liang, M.M., Lin Xianghua, M.D., Yang Shangzhi, B.S., Zhen Xiaohui, B.S. and Kuo Mingchun, B.S.
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Pneumonia is the most common reason for diabetic ketoacidosis. Although the pathogen was uncommonly Aspergillus niger. Aspergillosis is opportunistically found in human individuals. The onset was insidious but the disease progressed quite rapidly. Herein we have reported a case of diabetic ketoacidosis that was associated with invasive pulmonary Aspergillus niger infection After receiving Fluconazole and amphotericin B, the patient recovered gradually three months later. Our experience suggested that timely bronchoscopy might play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of Aspergillus infection.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1656
  7. Gopichand, G., Pichikala Kamal Chowdary and Chippagiri Saicharan
    ABSTRACT:

    Our objective is to analyze the movement of the self-driving vehicle based on the source and destination given by the user and the challenges faced during the motion of the self-driving vehicle. The movement is based on camera angles and the path determined by the path outlining algorithm used. Movement is based on the trajectory motion captured from the dynamic environment of the desired path. Challenges faced during the motion of the vehicle include object intrusion, pedestrian detection, cyber-attacks and efficient car parking. We implement it by a model where the model gets trained to detect the distance, speed, Red, orange, Green values. Using this we assign some states where the zero represents the car to stop or one represents the car to move. In this paper, we make the model of self-driving cars to detect the distance, speed, R, G, O values and make the car autonomous for the movement.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1671
  8. Dr. Lucky Sharma, Dr. Vimal Bharti, Dr. Ashok Sharma, Dr. Balbir Singh Verma, Dr. Malay Sarkaar, Dr. Parmod Jaret and Dr. Amit Sachdeva
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection among people living with HIV. It is also the leading cause of death among people living with HIV. Patients with HIV-pulmonary tuberculosis co-infection are most likely benefitted by Xpert MTB/RIF Assay. Aims & objective: Evaluation of Tuberculosis in HIV patients using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and its rifampicin resistance pattern at tertiary care center in north India. Material & methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in a period of one year from 1st July 2015 to 30th June 2016 in the department of Medicine at Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla. The study population included the HIV positive patients attending the ART clinic /Medicine OPD/Pulmonary Medicine OPD/admitted in Medicine ward. Out of these patients with HIV infection, the diagnosis of tuberculosis was established by further workup. Data collected was entered and analyzed in excel sheet, using appropriate statistical software and test of significance. Results: Among 95 patients with HIV infection, the diagnosis of tuberculosis was established in 54 patients after further workup.The mean age of patients was 40.4 yrs . Out of 54 patients, 40 were males and 14 were females. Majority of the patients were from Shimla district i.e.24 (44.4%). Fever (85%), pallor (81.5%) , cough of more than 2 weeks (55%), Oral thrush (53.7%) and weight loss of more than 10% in the past 6 months (51%) were the most common symptoms of Patients on Presentation.Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was found in 26 patients and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in 28 patients. Nineteen (73.1%) out of twenty-six with pulmonary tuberculosis were gene xpertpositive while Xpert MTB/RIF was positive in only five (17.85%) of the 28 patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: This study has shown that Xpert MTB/RIF has remarkably increased the sensitivity of diagnosis of pulomonary TB than extrapulmonary TB.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1673
  9. José P. Suárez, Daniel R. Hernández, A. Plaza and Abad, P.
    ABSTRACT:

    We introduce an algorithm for obtaining a geometric bone model suitable for the analysis of bone mechanical properties. In the bone model construction, we use new patterns of the familiar Morton curve, a class of Space Filling Curves. By extending a previous idea for the Hilbert curve, we derive new curve patterns used two construct the space filling curve in the bone model. We show the utility in bone modeling by means of an algorithm that generates the Morton curve and efficiently compute the bone properties such as density, Young’s modulus and Poisson's ratio. The algorithm was implemented in AutoLISP language and tested in the AutoCAD system. The algorithm and the new curve patterns offer an efficient tool for analyzing bone properties.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1683
  10. Balogun, S.W., Sanusi, Y.K. and Aina, A.O.
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    In this work the optical properties of the poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) on glass substrate as interlayer and the effect of temperaturevariation on the optical stability was investigated. Measurement of the transmittance, absorption, extinction coefficient, reflectance, and band gap energy are used to study the influence of annealing on the optical properties of PEDOT: PSS thin film. The thin film had 70% transmittance at 550 nm.It is deduced that as the annealing temperature increases there is increase in absorption of photon energy. It also shows that transmission increases as the wavelength increases and decreases with increases in annealing temperature. As the annealing temperature increases the absorption increases and as the wavelength increases the absorption decreases.Observation shows that band gap energy reduces slightly as annealing temperature is increased from 80oC to 240oC. The band gap energy was approximately 3.7eV.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1699
  11. Dr. Bendle Sahas, Chate Rupali and Sakhare Sumedh
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: Zinc deficiency during pregnancy has far-reaching consequences on both mother and fetus and subsequent child survival. However, data on the prevalence and determinants of zinc deficiency among pregnant women are scanty and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of zinc deficiency and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Sub District Hospital Chimur, Distrct Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at the SDH Chimur from July 2015 to April 16. A total of 377 pregnant women were selected by systematic sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic factors, reproductive history and nutrition related factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood sample were collected to analyze biochemical indicators. Statistical analysis was done using logistic regression analysis method. P-value < 0.05 at 95 % confidence interval was considered as statistically significance. Results: The prevalence of zinc deficiency among pregnant women was 57.4 % (95 % CI: 52.2 %– 62.9 %). Living in rural area [AOR = 1.92; 95 % CI (1.04, 3.56)], too close birth [AOR = 3.97; 95 % (1.30, 12.13)], low intakes of diet of animal origin [AOR = 2.29; 95 % CI (1.35, 3.89)], inadequate dietary diversity [AOR = 2.09; 95 % CI (1.24,3.51)], lack of nutrition education [AOR =1.78; 95 % CI (1.10,2.86)], low serum albumin [AOR = 2.55; 95 % CI (1.40,4.63)]were significantly associated with zinc deficiency. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency is of public health concern in the study area. To combat the problems, nutrition education to increase knowledge as well as practices concerning the consumption of zinc rich foods and optimal dietary diversity, use of home based phytate reduction techniques and agricultural based approaches should be considered.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1706
  12. Evi Abada, Ekpereka Nawfal, Othuke Abada and Chinyere Okeke
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Complex Humanitarian Emergencies (CHE’s) result in widespread displacement of communities, with attendant public health consequences. CHE’s constitute a huge burden in the fight against the spread and eradication of several communicable diseases. When CHE’s occur, they result in the loss of lives, and impose strains on health systems. Unfortunately, the victims of this catastrophic situation may have limited access to primary healthcare services. To compound the problem, donor aid may become limited, due to security concerns and the ensuring instabilities in the region. This situation could result in several victims living in camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs’), which may be overcrowded and provide an effective breeding environment for the spread of diseases. Northeastern Nigeria has been under the siege of the Islamist terrorist group, Boko Haram for the past 8 years, and this has resulted in the spread of several communicable diseases in alarming proportions. There have been reports of several disease outbreaks including cerebrospinal meningitis, measles, hepatitis E and cholera. Unfortunately, few years after Nigeria declared its last case of poliomyelitis, there have been reports of a re-emergence of the disease as a result of the unrest. While the efforts of international aid organizations in mitigating the spread of diseases are highly commendable, we advocate a more robust concerted effort by donors in addressing the public health challenges in the embattled region. We also provide recommendations including the provision of potable clean water, mobile sewage facilities, sanitary supplies, improved accessibility to primary healthcare facilities and incentivization of health workers, which may be adopted to limit the spread of diseases and improve health outcomes.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1710
  13. Yogeswarappa, S. and Dr. Gowda, N. K.
    ABSTRACT:

    World Bank study estimate that has 15% of Agricultural of Produce is lost between the farm gate and the consumer because of poor roads and inappropriate storage facilities alone, adversely influencing the income of farmers. Poor rural road infrastructure limits the ability of the traders to travel to and communicate with remote farming areas, limiting market access from these areas and eliminating competition for their produce. the investment of 1.2 billion by the Government is supported by Asian Development Bank loan of 800 million to connect 4,200 far –flung communities to crucial markets and services with 9,000 km of all-weather rural roads in these five states by the end of 2017.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1718
  14. Dr. Yogish, S. N.
    ABSTRACT:

    Rubber is the minor plantation crop cultivated in Shimoga. Rubber is cultivated mostly in the southern district in Karnataka. The inputs like land, labour, capital etc., are most conspicuous in Shimoga district. Rubber predominantly rainfed crops in Shimoga. Hence, there are affected by weather fluctuation, which may have an impact on yield and return correspondingly, their supply may also be affected leading to high variability in prices. The higher cost of cultivation of rubber was primarily due to higher variable costs. It might be due to higher variable costs and to higher average plant population per acre and better adoption of recommended package of practices in rubber. The benefit cost ratio indicates the return per rupee of investing during the entire life period of an enterprise. It was less than unity implying that non-viability of investment in rubber. The capital investment in rubber was substantial. Hence, its financial impact was long term in nature.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1719
  15. Yogeswarappa, S. and Dr. Gowda, N. K.
    ABSTRACT:

    The Rural Road Development Vision Plan (NRDVP) found that investments in construction, upgrading and maintenance would need to increase from the current level of Rsr. 11,000 crores per annum to Rs. 29,000 crores per annum by the 14th Plan (2022-2027). The vision of rural housing is to promote sustainable and inclusive growth of rural India through multi-pronged strategy for eradication of poverty by increasing livelihood opportunities, providing social safety net and developing infrastructure for growth and improvement of quality in life of rural India.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1720
  16. Yogeswarappa, S. and Dr. Gowda, N. K.
    ABSTRACT:

    The Government in November 2009 approved the Jawaharal Nehru National Solar Mission, which creates policy conditions for quick renewable energy diffusion across the country. 20,000 MW of Solar energy is to be deployed by 2022 through leveraging domestic and foreign investments, engaging in research and development, manufacturing and development to make this sector competitive internationally. The Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) estimates conservatively that the wind energy capacity in India could be 24 GW by 2020 and 30.5 GW by 2030.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1721
  17. Nuruddin
    ABSTRACT:

    This research aimed to provide vivid descriptions of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) application in an Islamic boarding school (Pesantren) in Narmada, West Lombok, Indonesia. This descriptive qualitative research design employed participative observation, interview, and documentation as the data collection techniques, in which the data were subsequently analyzed through data display, reduction for categorization, synthesis, and hypothesis. The empirical findings showed that (1) the application of ICTs in the school was driven by the fact that living nowadays was inseparable from the use of technologies; (2) the process of planning, implementation, and evaluation went through the initial meeting in association with learning; (3) the process of ICTs integration with the learning activities was implemented through the teacher training program, in which the teachers learnt how to operate and design PowerPoint, and manage data using Microsoft Excel; (4) the use of ICTs could promote students’ national and global knowledge, (5) ICTs were employed as learning media, administration and the medium of Islamic school advertisement; (6) the characteristic of ICTs in the Islamic school was optimizing the role of ICTs; (7) Around 50 % of electric power deficiency, which caused the Bottleneck when using the server, remained the primary contraint for the application of ICTs in the school. Drawing on the problem, this study suggests that the school immediately attempt to tackle the electric power deficiency and use new Client Server with a larger capacity.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1723
  18. Ya'arit Bokek-Cohen and Dan Bokek
    ABSTRACT:

    The article offers the term Sphinxism to describe a phenomenon whereby various modes of women's predicament is ignored by social agents; Sphinxism is a term we coin to describe cases in which a woman experience sorrow, however some people do not make any effort to help her on the micro or the macro level. We show that instead of expressing moral panic toward misbehavior against women, culturally inscribed social representations of women entail reactions of indifference, steadfastness and unshakeability by witnesses of women's suffering and plight. We demonstrate our concept of Sphinxism in empirical data showing the failure to help women who seek life partners but live in a prolonged singlehood. A research project conducted by us involved interviews with twenty-five Israeli Jewish matchmakers. Findings suggest that religious Jewish individuals' attitude is not monolithic and reflects either moral panic or sphinxism toward older singles. We draw on these findings and generalize to other women's sources of plight such as conjugal violence, sexual harassment and discrimination at the labor market.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1724
  19. Mutyavaviri Dorcas Tatenda, Musona-Rukweza Judith, Makoni Petty, Mugadza Gladys and Kapfunde Abigail
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Esophageal cancer is a common cancer responsible many cancer deaths among adults worldwide. Esophageal cancer surgery is a common treatment option to improve functioning.Health related quality of life is the key functional concepts that serves to measure individuals health improvements after any treatment.This cross-sectional study was conducted at Parirenyatwa Group of hospital in Harare in Zimbabwe.Participants were selected using convenience non-probability sampling technique. A questionnaire used had 2 sections; the demographic questions and the health-related quality of life, which were adapted from the cancer-specific European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer of quality of life questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social sciences version 16.0. A total of 40 adults participated in this study, including 24 (60%) males and 16 (40%) females. Thirty- two (80%) of the participants had deteriorated health-related quality of life on the functions with all these participants having a mean score lower than 76, 4. Four (10%) had a stable health-related quality of life whilst 4(10%) had a much-improved health related quality of life.Health related quality of life of majority of patients could be deteriorating following surgery for esophageal cancer.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1728
  20. Dr. Krishna Mohan, Y., Dr. Venkateswarulu, K. and Dr. Padma Vijayasree, A.
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: Liver is the main site for the metabolism of lipoproteins, fatty acids and cholesterol. Liver diseases can affect plasma lipid levels in a variety of ways. Chronic liver diseases due to various causes are often associated with dramatic reductions in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol level due to reduced lipoprotein biosynthetic capacity. The study was conducted to determine the lipid profiles in patients with chronic liver disease and to determine if it correlates with the severity of the chronic liver disease. Materials and Methods: In an analytical cross-sectional study, 100 patients with chronic liver disease (case) and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy patients (controls) were studied. Serum triglyceride levels, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and VLDL were then measured. Child-Turcotte-Pugh Score were calculated for each patient as an index for the extent of liver damage. Results: In patients with chronic liver diseases, with the exception of triglyceride level, there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL,VLDL and HDL cholesterol levels compared to the control group( p<0.05). However, no significant correlation was found between severity of cirrhosis and change in serum lipid levels. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia exists in patients with liver cirrhosis and screening for the same is important for intervention with appropriate therapy to prevent cardiovascular events.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1729
  21. Wondwossen Yimam, Shambel Wedajo and Prema Kumara
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: At the moment, people living with Human Immuno Virus (HIV) are also at increased risk of developing non communicable diseases. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) use has resulted in increasing survival and ageing among HIV-infected persons and an accompanying rise in non communicable disease co-morbidities including diabetes. Objectives: To assess the magnitude and determinants of diabetes among people living with HIV in Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie town, North East Ethiopia, June 2017. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was carried for a total of 355 HIV infected individuals who were on ART selected using systematic sampling method and data were collected using exit interview from diabetes patients. Results: Out of 355 HIV infected individuals who were on ART, 6.5% had confirmed diabetes. Having sedentary work activity [AOR= 2.7, 95% CI ;( 1.1-6.3)], age greater than 35 year [AOR= 2.4, 95%CI ;( 1.3-5.94) and being overweight [AOR= 2.4, 95% CI, (1.1-6.2)] were positively associated with the development of diabetes. Conclusion and Recommendation: Generally this study shows that a significant number of HIV infected individual affected by diabetes as co morbidity. So that ART clinicians should screen ART clients for diabetes and counsel their clients for life style modifications such as regular exercise and obesity reduction.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1735
  22. Bethala Shirisha and Bethala Pravallika
    ABSTRACT:

    Reordering spare parts for the purposes of stock replenishment is an important function of the parts manager in the typical dealership. Meaningful reordering requires a reliable forecast of the future demand for items. A Variety of alternative forecasting techniques were evaluated for this purpose with the aim of selecting one optimal technique to be implemented in an automatic reorder in module of a real time computerized inventory management system. Shortage of spares lead to lost sales opportunities and customer dissatisfaction whereas excess inventory meant prohibitive inventory carrying costs. To address this challenge, an effective demand forecasting system is required, which can: • Provide multiple methods of forecasting • Provide a part wise dashboard indicating demand trends in graphical format.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1736
  23. Amir Parnianifard, A. S., Azfanizam., Ariffin, M. K. A. and Ismail, M. I. S.
    ABSTRACT:

    One of the main technological and economic challenges for an engineer is designing high-quality products in manufacturing processes. Most of these processes involve a large number of variables included the setting of controllable (design) and uncontrollable (noise) variables. Robust Design (RD) method uses a collection of mathematical and statistical tools to study a large number of variables in the process with a minimum value of computational cost. Robust design method tries to make high-quality products according to customers’ viewpoints with anacceptable profit margin. This paper aims to provide a brief up-to-date review of the latest development of RD method particularly applied in manufacturing systems. The basic concepts of the quality loss function, orthogonal array, and crossed array design are explained. According to robust design approach, two classifications are presented, first for different types of factors, and second for different types of data. This classification plays an important role in determining the number of necessity replications for experiments and choose the best method for analyzing data. In addition, the combination of RD method with some other optimization methods in designing and optimizing of processes including model-based and metamodel-based methods are discussed.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1745
  24. Dr. Brijesh Byrappa, Dr. Zainab Abubaker, Dr. Swathi Mani, Dr. Narahari Ranganatha and Dr. Mohammed Yunus
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Patients are highly inclined towards aesthetic outlook in the recent years. More number of patients visit dental offices with the complaint of greyish-black gums. The core reason for this pigmentation of the gingiva is due to the melanoblastic activity. There are wide range of treatment options for depigmentation of the gingiva. They include scalpel gingivectomy, free gingival graft, bur abrasion, use of chemicals, electrosurgery, cryosurgery and lasers. Among the various techniques, lasers provide promising therapeutic option as they are simple, painless, effective and a reliable tool. Here, we report gingival depigmentation of a patient using diode laser technique.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1747
  25. Dr. Agarwal, D. R., Prof. Emeritus and Ms. Suruchi Kapur
    ABSTRACT:

    Economic Growth implies increase in GDP or a continuous and steady increase in national income. Economic growth of a community is reflected in people’s high standard of living, better food and housing , improved education and medical facilities, advance means of transport and communication, reduction in poverty and inequalities in the distribution of economic power, expansion of job opportunities, increase in productivity with the advancement of science and technology, increase in the wages of the poor, promoting human skills and health rapidly, increase in human development index (life expectancy index, adult literacy, mean years of schooling, purchasing power etc.) and above all sustainable development that is meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the need of future generations. Hence growth is a multivariable concept and it cannot be judged on the basis of a single factor in isolation. The behaviour of rate of growth (percentage point) and gross fixed capital formation (as percentage of GDP) from 2011-12 to 2016-17, they are not establishing a positive relationship between the two (normally it is believed that there is a positive correlation between the two in a developing economy). This paper examines the reality of the situation.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1763
  26. Joseph, O. Mukolwe, Okwara Michael and Ajowi, O. Jack
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the extent of implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) and the academic achievement of pupils in primary schools in Kenya. The extent of implementation of TQM was assessed through a TQM principle namely reward and motivation. This study was conducted in Teso North sub-county which was purposively sampled due to low learning outcomes as compared to other sub-counties in Kenya. The study was guided by the following objectives: to determine the extent to which TQM was implemented and to establish the extent to which the implementation of reward and motivation affects the academic achievement of pupils r=.859. Descriptive survey was used. Stratified sampling technique was employed to select 44 deputy head teachers and 196 teachers in public primary schools while saturated sampling was used to select 11 deputy head teachers and 83 teachers in private primary schools. Data was collected by structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics in terms of means and standard deviations were used to determine the respondents’ perception on extent of implementation of TQM. Spearman’s rho was used to measure the strength of relationship and regression analysis was used to measure the extent to which the implementation of reward and motivation predicted the academic achievement. The findings revealed that the extent of implementation of TQM was low. Spearman’s correlations showed positive and significant relationship between extent of implementation of reward and motivation and academic achievement of pupils (r = p <.05). Regression analysis revealed that the effect of extent of implementation of TQM principle on academic achievement was significant (F = 930.282; p< .05). The implication of these results is that implementation of TQM principle of reward and motivation is associated with enhanced academic achievements of pupils in primary schools. Based on these findings, the study proposed that policy makers at the Ministry of Education and the head teachers should formulate strategies for maximizing the influence of implementation of TQM for enhancing academic achievement of pupils in primary schools.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1765
  27. Gowri Lakshmi. G.M. and Dr. Esther Buvana. C.
    ABSTRACT:

    The term ‘political participation’ has a very broad meaning. It is not only related to ‘Right to Vote’, but simultaneously it is related to participation in leadership, decision making process, political activism, political consciousness, etc. Women in India participate in voting, run the public offices and political parties at lower levels more than men. The Indian Constitution has been committed to introduce socio-economic and political transformation. The initiatives of empowering women and the marginalized sections are the reflection of its democratic spirit that can be noticed from a number of amendments in these fields. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act is an important landmark in the history of Indian women’s participation in the formation of democratic institutions at grassroots level. The most significant aspect is that the gender representation in the decision-making has been taken into consideration. But most of the tribal women participate in the electoral process as voter. There are less aware about the Panchayati Raj Act of 73rd Amendment in the Constitution of India. They know that every village have a Panchayat which works for the development for the village but they do not know the various power, works etc. of the Panchayats. They have a very little knowledge about the reservation of seats for women in Gram Panchayats. Hence, through this paper the researcher would like to bring out the awareness level of the Toda tribal women regarding their political rights and bring out some suggestions which will increase their level of awareness.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1778
  28. Gargi Patil and Tarak Patel
    ABSTRACT:

    Social media consists of lot of user generated data. It contains opportunity for creation, publication and transfer of ideas and thoughts which is considered as user generated data. The past few years have laid to large amount of growth in social media. Social networks are affecting the way how human interact with each other and share different perceptions. The data generated by user contains large amount of unprocessed information related to the perception and feelings of user towards a particular entity. In this paper, we discuss the importance of data generated by social media in order to predict about future events.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1776
  29. Chaima El Hosni and Rym Hachana
    ABSTRACT:

    Non cognitive intelligences are currently drawing the attention of researchers. The role of these intelligences is remarkable especially within the workplace. This study examines the influence of spiritual and emotional intelligences on the organizational commitment among a Tunisian university staff. 54 employees were surveyed through a questionnaire composed of: King’s (2008) spiritual intelligence scale (SISRI 24), the Wong and Law’s (2002) emotional intelligence scale (WLEIS) and the Meyer et al.’s (1993) six-item scales of affective, continuance and normative commitment. Using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis, the results revealed the positive impact of spiritual and emotional intelligences on the organizational commitment.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1797
  30. Subhash Chand
    ABSTRACT:

    Today it has been seen that most of the libraries related with higher education activities have both the type of information resources i.e. electronic resources as well as print resources. Due to many causes the proper utilization of e-resources remains always a field for study/research. In this paper I try to investigate the uses pattern and availability of electronically published information resources, databases and other materials in university library of Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University, Jind, Haryana State. In this study importance and utilization of e-resources as well as print resources studying on preferences level.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1802
  31. Shaista Alvi
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Incretins are the types of metabolic hormones responsible for reducing blood glucose. The two naturally occurring incretins are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). They are responsible for amplification of response of insulin to enteral entry of glucose in the body. DPP 4 are the enzymes responsible for the degradation of incretins. This incretin effect is the newer approach to treatment of diabetes. The two groups acting through this pathway are GLP 1 agonist and the DPP 4 inhibitors.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1812
  32. Prof. Amar Nath Singh, Er. Bikash Narayan Naik and Suman Mishra
    ABSTRACT:

    In the modern market situation, the role of finance management is very vital because it directly related with the present and future growth of the nation. The main purpose of this paper is to review recent studies on small and medium sized companies in order to concentrate on the main critical issues which are arising in financial management. If we classify the problem then the major components of financial management can be analyzed into three segments: a) The question of liquidity management and cash flow management. Cash is company’s most precious nonhuman asset. b) The question of long term asset acquisition – which directs the long term course of business. c) Questions of funding, capital structure and cost of funding. The most imminent question is the liquidity management. A business will never see the long term if it cannot plan an appropriate policy to effectively manage its working capital. Generally, the poor financial management of owner-managers is the main cause underlying the problems of SMEs.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1820
  33. Mr. Seenivasagaperumal, S. and Dr. Subburaman, R.
    ABSTRACT:

    Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. The English entrepreneur Michael Aldrich invented online shopping in 1979. The study focuses on online shoppers’ preferences and problems on various online shopping marketers. Questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. The study area is restricted only in virudhunagar town with sample size of 250 respondents

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1839
  34. Mariam Samir Hakeem Hermina, Dr.Reham Hussein Diab and Dr. Wadida Hassan Abd El Kader
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Objective: To translate the English version of constant score to Arabic version, adapt and test its face validity, content validity, internal consistency reliability, feasibility and test retest reliability as it is a scoring system directed toward a numeric description of the quality of function of the shoulderin adhesive capsulitis patients. Materials and Methods: 2 expert panels; each consists of 10 experts who evaluated and gave suggestions to the translated Arabic version. 111 sheets were filled out by 66 patients with adhesive capsulitis.Constant score was forward translated to Arabic language, compared and merged then back translated then the pre final version passed through the pilot study done by experts and the final version by patients. Clarity index, expert proportion of clearance, index of content validity, expert proportion of relevance, descriptive statistics, missed item index, Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman’s and Pearson rank correlation coefficient were conducted for statistical analysis. Results: The Arabic version of Constant Score hadvery good face validity, excellent content validity, good feasibility, questionable internal consistency and strong test retest reliability. Conclusion: The Arabic- language version of Constant Score had face and content validity, feasibility and internal consistency and test retest reliability enough to provide a numeric description of the quality of function of the shoulderin adhesive capsulitis patients.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1696
  35. Henry Mtenga Rimisho and Livin Henry Mosha
    ABSTRACT:

    This research has explored the complexity of dwelling culture in Monasteries. The rejection of gospel by the global society because of cultural changes, deterioration of faith and technological advancement is becoming more apparent. Specifically, nuns and monks want to “come out” of the traditional Confirned monasteries and integrate with global communities. The Church hierachy is aware of the need to integrate evangelical enculturation and modern architecture for more coherent architectural designs which support people’s feelings to comprehend contemporary monasteries. Chamazi Camaldolese monastery in Tanzania was selected to be the case study area because it contains lot of information pertinent to the research issue. Selected data collection tools included questionnaires, interviews and photographic registration and were used successfully to collect all needed information for this study. The study examined and informed the diverse ways of integrating monastic dwelling culture and modernity. Modern time shows that there is a great need of a paradigm shift from the traditional enclosed monasteries to more opened monastic spatial planning and building designs. Information, Communication Technology (ICT) is a blessing in disguise in modern monastic life but should leave out all bad practices and pick constructive moral ideas and architecture which fits modern monastic ways of life of the modern church understanding.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1848
  36. Aysun Yüksel and Aydan Ercan
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Environment is the most important resource in meeting people’s basic need of nutrition and solid wastes are one of the most important reasons of its pollution. Identifying the kind and amount of waste produced in a hospital kitchen which provides collective catering services; understanding the scope of environmental and economic damage.In this study, the amount of solid waste produced is determined as 7238.5 kg; 3317.3 kg of this is recyclable/renewable packaging waste and only 29.2% is collected. Furthermore, it is calculated that if 1132.8 kg of paper/cardboard waste produced is delivered to recycling facilities, 104.5 $ revenue will be acquired. Getting the highest efficiency from natural resources used as raw material and energy, promotion of small amounts of waste production and the recovery and recycling of waste contributes to the economy and benefits the environment.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1850
  37. Singh, V.K., Sinha, A.K., Takawle, P.S. and Srivastava, M.K.
    ABSTRACT:

    Improved & Crossbred livestock milk production depends mainly on adequate availability of nutrients. It comprises the major protein supply for milk production.The demand of milk is increasing for nutrition of population in country. Presently, Azolla fodder feeding is being considered essential for lactating animals.Azolla is nothing but floating fern in shallow water, which is very rich in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins (A, B12 Beta carotene). Azolla can be easily digested by the livestock Owing to its high protein and low lignincontent, green Azolla can be used as feed supplement for the milch animals( 880 gm per day) which could increase the milk production by 6.43%.. The Azolla demonstration in the programm area could bring changes in feeding management.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1855
  38. Fauzia Kazi and Dr. Christopher Sudhaker
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Many of the health professional working in the hospitals does not have formal education on medical waste disposal. Therefore it is important to determine whether such formal education helps health professional to improve their knowledge and does this knowledge improves there practice. Present study was conducted in a multi-specialty teaching hospital in south Karnataka. Samples were selected by simple random method. Thirty staff nurses were selected, their knowledge was assessed by administering a structured knowledge questionnaire on Hospital waste management and the practice was observed using an observational checklist on practice of waste management. Result shows that majority 94.60% of the staff nurses had good knowledge and practice on Hospital waste management.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1864
  39. Dr. Ramiro Wilberth Mendoza López, Dr. Miguel Ángel Nieto Rodriguez and Dr. Luis Gerardo Motta Amezquita
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Introduction: Tracheal stenosis after prolonged intubation is a pathology that represents a challenge for the anesthesiologist. Within its management, it must guarantee a permeable airway, adequate oxygenation, hemodynamic stability, adequate extubation and postoperative care. The selection of the treatment depends on the clinical condition of the patient and the tracheal anatomy. Objectives: To show the anesthetic management used in a patient undergoing tracheoplasty. Clinical case: Patient with tracheal stenosis secondary to prolonged intubation with conservative management based on a cannula of montgomery for 6 months with poor response to treatment, restenosis upon removal from the same, so he underwent tracheoplasty. The pre-anesthesia assessment performed is described. The premedication and the anesthetic plan are also exposed, with special emphasis on the transoperative as well as the postoperative care of the patient. Conclusions: Tracheoplasty is a relatively rare surgery, but one of the most challenging for anesthesiologists. To anticipate the course of surgery and design a successful anesthetic plan, it is necessary to understand the cause and characteristics of the tracheal lesion as well as the preoperative evaluation of the patient with tracheal stenosis.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1865
  40. Mohammad Morad Hossain; Farhana Binte latif; Nigar Sultana; Dillara Akhter and Rashedul Islam
    ABSTRACT:

    At present manufacturingsector are happening due to low loss due to management and conflict between workers. Moreover, the current study has been designed to investigate the cause of the worker's relationship in Bangladesh's manufacturing sector. The response of the answer sheet has led to the main reasons for labor relations being discovered in top-level management. Besides, the reasons for poor participation in the decision making process, absence of agreeing management, absence of labor union lack of employment, payment irregularities, low wages, blame for manager / officer employees, rumors, conspiracies, non-profit labor laws, unhappy nature of workers and political intervention. In addition, the researcher asked to improve the working relationship issues in the Bangladeshi manufacturing sector to take competitive advantage in the global market.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1868
  41. Lomalinda J. Clores
    ABSTRACT:

    This study investigated the effect of spaced learning method on the students’ working memory capacity and achievement in Chemistry. It sought to answer these objectives: (1) identify the working memory capacity profile of the students; (2) determine the achievement of the students in Chemistry before and after exposure to spaced learning; (3) ascertain if there is a difference between the pretest and posttest mean scores in the achievement test; (3) determine the pretest and posttest mean scores across working memory capacity level; (4) find out if there is a difference in the gain scores across level; and (6) assess the students’ experiences on the use of spaced learning. This study utilized the single group pretest–posttest pre–experimental design. One intact class consisted of 31 students was the respondents. The instruments include: (1) achievement test; (2) spaced learning lessons; (3) Digit Span Backward Test; (4) students’ experience survey; and (5) observation checklist. To analyze the data, weighted mean, paired t – test, Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used. The findings showed that spaced learning tends to enhance the student’s performance in Chemistry. However, students across working memory capacity level exhibited no significant difference between their pretest and posttest mean scores. Besides, as reflected in the gain scores, it appeared that the method highly favored the intermediate and low processors. As perceived, spaced learning is interesting and enjoyable. Students become active and confident in expressing their thoughts since they feel rested and relaxed.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1880
  42. Abdoul Karim OUATTARA, Christelle NADEMBEGA, Birama DIARRA, Theodora ZOHONCON, Albert YONLI, Dorcas OBIRI-YEBOAH, Marius BELEMGNEGRE, Paul OUEDRAOGO, Virginio PIETRA and Jacques SIMPORE
    Journal Area:
    ABSTRACT:

    Dengue fever is currently a major public health problem in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to determine seroprevalence and dengue infection evolution during the years 2016 and 2017. The study population consisted of 3572 patients aged 0 to 84 years seen during general medicine consultation from January 2016 to November 2017 and referred to the laboratory of Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou for serological diagnosis of dengue fever. The Dengue Duo Bioline SD Kit (Standard Diagnostic Inc., Korea) was used to detect the presence of dengue virus NS1 antigen and IgM/IgG antibodies in serum or plasma. An overall prevalence of 17.3% (617/3572) of NS1Ag was observed in our study population. Age groups 15 to 30 years were significantly more infected compared to children under 5 years of age. The peak of infection was between mid-October and mid-November corresponding to the end of the rainy season in Burkina Faso. The present study reports a high seroprevalence of acute dengue virus infection in symptomatic patients. The use of effective vector control strategies through the destruction of breeding sites, personal protection and enhanced surveillance from August is needed for dengue fever prevention in Burkina Faso.

    Pub. Date: December 30, 2017
    Paper No:
    1882