An Analysis of Exchange Marriages (Watta-Satta) Practices in some Agrarian Communities in Haryana

Artificial Marriage as a socio-cultural institution varies widely across communities and regions in India. In Haryana, certain agrarian communities have historically practiced exchange marriages, or Watta-Satta, as a culturally sanctioned way to maintain economic and social equilibrium. This paper examines the nature, causes, and impact of Watta-Satta marriages among three prominent agrarian communities of Haryana — the Bishnoi, Ror, and Jat. The paper explores the mechanisms by which these marriages are negotiated, the implications on gender roles, and the social expectations imposed upon couples involved in such arrangements. It further investigates how disruptions in one marriage can have direct consequences for the reciprocally tied household. Special attention is paid to the voices of the younger generation, whose aspirations and changing values increasingly challenge the traditional foundations of this marital exchange system.