Glutathione is an important antioxidant and redox regulator in biological systems, playing a critical role in cellular metabolism, oxidative stress defense, and various physiological and pathological processes related to diseases. Accurate detection of glutathione is of significant importance for research in life sciences and health. This paper systematically reviews the physiological functions of glutathione, the characteristics of commonly used traditional detection technologies, and provides an overview of the basic principles and current developments of photoelectrochemical sensors. It focuses on summarizing the recent advancements in glutathione photoelectrochemical sensors, emphasizing innovations in nanofunctional materials, interface engineering, and sensing mechanisms.Finally, the existing challenges in this field and future development directions are discussed, aiming to provide references for the construction of high-performance glutathione sensing platforms.
