Technology transfer, innovation intermediaries and carbon market governance: the potential role of technology transfer offices (tto) in the Brazilian emissions trading system

The implementation of the Brazilian Emissions Trading System (SBCE) represents a significant milestone in the country's climate governance framework and may influence technological development in sectors subject to carbon regulation. However, the relationship between carbon markets and technology transfer remains insufficiently explored, particularly regarding the institutional mechanisms that support innovation and capability building. This study analyses how the literature addresses the role of Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) as intermediaries of technology transfer within the context of the SBCE. An integrative literature review was conducted using academic publications, technical reports, and policy documents on carbon markets, eco-innovation, technology transfer, and innovation governance. The findings indicate that existing studies focus primarily on regulatory design and emissions reduction, while paying limited attention to the institutions responsible for transforming carbon pricing incentives into technological capabilities. Furthermore, TTOs are largely absent from discussions despite their strategic role in intellectual property management and university–industry collaboration. The study argues that the effectiveness of the SBCE will depend not only on carbon pricing mechanisms but also on the capacity of innovation-support institutions to facilitate technology transfer and strengthen domestic innovation capabilities. These findings contribute to debates on carbon market governance, eco-innovation, and green reindustrialisation in developing economies.