December 2022

Introduction: Around the world, 6% of infants are said to be born with a congenital abnormality, which causes countless fatalities. However, since statistics sometimes do not take aborted pregnancies and stillbirths into account, the actual number of cases may be significantly greater. With 753,000 neonatal fatalities reported in 2013, the nation's neonatal mortality rate was 29 per 1000 live births. As there are limited data available on fetal congenital anomalies it is important to educate mothers and women. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the knowledge of the prevention of fetal congenital anomalies. Methodology: A pre-experimental study with one group pre-test and post-test design was undertaken to conduct this study from 20 august to 30 October using a convenience sampling technique. A total of 60 mothersparticipated in the study through a structured knowledge questionnaire. Data was collected through pen and paper and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for further analysis.The descriptive statistics were presented with mean ± standard deviation, frequency, and percentage. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test. The chi-square analysis was used to check the association. Results: Results of the study revealed that at the pre-test level 47(78.3%) of the study participants had inadequate knowledge, 13(21.7%) of them had moderate knowledge, and none of the study participants were having adequate knowledge. Whereas after the intervention majority 43(71.7%) had moderateknowledge, 17(28.3%) of them had adequate knowledge, and none of the study participants had inadequate knowledge regarding congenital anomalies. The paired “t” test was carried out and it was found significant at p<0.05 level inage and knowledge level (χ2=6.60, df=2). Furthermore, the association between type of family (χ2=12.11, df=2), family history of congenital anomalies (χ2=17.17, df=1), and source of health information(χ2=8.52, df=3) werealso found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the mothers who are residing in the rural districtsof Bengaluru have significantly less knowledge regarding prevention of congenital anomalies. so, it is very important to make sure that women and mothers should know about congenital anomalies and how to manage and prevent it. Our findings will support the stakeholders, nurses, community health workers, public health professionals, and government policymakers to make a significant decision to improve public knowledge related to congenital anomalies.

Kinnow fruit grown in Punjab and is having maximum area of orchard in Punjab therefore it becomes necessary to study the impact of different maturity or harvesting stages on fruit quality and its marketing. Keeping this view studies was conducted at four different stages of fruit harvesting viz., 1st – 15th January, 16th – 31st January, 1st – 15th February, 16th – 28th February. The month of February is best for fruit quality and for fruit processing also. For better fruit marketing farmers are advised to regularly keep a check on farmer’s portal of Punjab government which provides rates of all the markets in Punjab.

A field experiment on studies on Stenting Techniques in Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda (Punjab) during January to June 2021. The experimental material consisted of plum 15-20 cm long and 1.0 to 1.25 cm thick stem cuttings with 3-5 nodes, taken from the middle basal portion of 9-10 month old dormant shoots. Cuttings were taken from seven year old mother plants of Plum cv. Kala Amritsari root stock by using Satluj purple scion on 23rd January and 3rd February 2021. These cuttings were tongue grafted with 3-4 buds, after treating them with different IBA concentrations. Thus, the experiment comprising of two planting dates and eight IBA concentrations (Control, 2000 ppm, 2500 ppm, 3000 ppm, 3500 ppm, 4000 ppm, 4500 ppm and 5000 ppm) were arranged in Factorial Randomize Block Design. The results revealed that sprouting success, graft height, number of leaves were maximum in 5000 ppm IBA which was significantly higher than all the other treatments. The sprouting success of grafts plated on 23rd January was higher than the grafts planted on 3rd February irrespective of treatments. The mortality of grafts in all the treatments were recorded up to June and after that no mortality was observed. The mortality rate was higher in control and lower doses of IBA treatments which may be due to failure of root growth in these treatments. The minimum mortality was recorded in 5000 ppm and being followed by 4500 ppm IBA treatment on both the planting dates.

Poultry sector is major thriving area contributing significantly to Indian economy. Poultry meat can become contaminated with Salmonella throughout the entire poultry production chain (breeder farms, fattening farms, transportation, slaughterhouse and retail). Fresh poultry slaughtered in local shops is generally preferred by consumers in India. However, due to changes in lifestyle & modernization, fresh chilled and frozen ready-to-cook (RTC) poultry products have become readily available in retail high end shops and supermarkets in major cities. The cross-contamination between meats and personnel and equipment used during a day in processing of meats due to improper and ineffective cleaning and disinfection particularly with chopping boards, knives and tables are the risk factors for Salmonella contamination. The level of prevalence can be reduced by adopting hygienic practices during poultry slaughter to ensure food safety. Salmonella prevention and control may be achieved by adopting Good Agricultural Practices and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles, and general measures.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is one of the novel approaches that claim to help people live a meaningful life while also learning to accept and cope with the inevitable suffering of existence. This is one of the finest treatment approaches for patients suffering with various internalized difficulties like depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorders, Borderline personality disorders etc. This study presents a case of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with a 22 year old Hindu Bengali female student with Borderline Personality features. Case conceptualization is followed by the identification of the requirements of strategies to overcome unhelpful ruminating thoughts and reducing emotional difficulties in different life-domains related to everyday thought, emotion and actions using valued actions and commitment to change. The study highlighted the journey from psychological inflexibility to valued living, following the application of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) framework.

Background: Despite progressive development in dental sub-specialties and, an increase in the number of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Nigeria, there were few studies done to report the pattern of maxillofacial surgeries done especially in the Northwestern region. This study aims to present an audit of oral and maxillofacial surgeries done at Noma children's hospital (NCH) Sokoto. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of the record of the oral and maxillofacial surgeries done at NCH Sokoto from June 2013 to June 2022. Demographic characteristics, site of the lesion, indication for surgery, route of intubation, the procedure performed and, complications were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Result: There were 99(64.7%) males and 54(35.3%) females with a mean±SD of 20.68±15.52years and, a range of 1-72 years. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (47(30.7%)) was the commonest region affected followed by the mandible in 35(22.9%) of the cases. Temporomandibular joint ankylosis was the commonest indication for surgery. The most common surgical procedure done was surgical excision (32(20.9%)) while the least was Open reduction and internal fixation 4(2.6%). Reconstruction of hard tissue was done using iliac and rib grafts. Variable complications including facial nerve paresis, hardware extrusion and, recurrence were recorded in 25% of the cases. Conclusion: Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a demanding specialty in our clime due to the observable increase in cases and evolving specialized centers. There is a need for regular surgical audits, improved, and expansion of co-managing units and increase in the training of dental sub-specialists. Increasing healthcare funding as well as insurance coverage will assist in improving preventive and surgical aspects of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions.