Social Sciences and Humanities

The changing nature of modern armed conflicts brings new challenges in the field of military neurosurgery. The purpose of this review article is to systematize knowledge on the epidemiology of neurosurgical injuries in different types of conflicts, present the ethical and legal frameworks of operation, and describe future technological directions. A literature review and synthesis method was used (2010–2025) in the fields of military medicine, neurosurgery, international humanitarian law, and medical ethics.

The present research article reviews a systematic study on the effects of cold-water exposure on human health on the basis of thermodynamics and hydrostatic pressure. Literature review suggests that repeated cold-water immersion on the human body is associated with boosting the immunity. Through rapid heat transfer and hydrostatic pressure–mediated circulatory shifts, cold-water immersion activates thermoregulatory and stress-adaptation pathways that are responsible for metabolic efficiency, and immune function.

Geometric patterns identified in spatial data after inspection are difficult to evaluate statistically. When hypotheses are formulated a posteriori, conventional tests can overestimate significance because exploratory choices are not accounted for. This problem is pronounced in small-N spatial point sets, where model flexibility and feature selection strongly influence outcomes.A constrained evaluation framework is applied to assess a posteriori geometric hypotheses in spatial data.

This study examined consumer motivations affecting the airing and consumption of local animation in Kenya, focusing on youth audiences aged 18–35. Despite the growth of the local animation industry, limited research had been conducted on audience preferences, gratifications, and the factors influencing the broadcast and reception of Kenyan animations.

This qualitative study explores the impact of screen time on the cognitive development of Early Childhood Development (ECD) learners in rural primary schools in Honde Valley, Mutare District of Zimbabwe. Guided by an interpretivist philosophy, the study gathered data from 60 participants identified as key informants. Data collection methods included interviews, focus group discussions, and observations, with thematic analysis used to identify patterns across the datasets.

Since the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, political and ideological interests in Marxism had waned. Academic interest on it had however lingered on. Although Marx and Engels did not anticipate that rural Russia and her Lenin will stage the first successful revolution, the fact of its happening led to tremendous economic development and political explanation on the study of revolutionary Marxism. This work which was premised on doctrinal method sought to revisit the critiques that followed the emergence of socialism in one country.

Magnesium is a foundational mineral required for over 600 enzymatic reactions, yet a significant portion of the global population remains deficient due to modern agricultural practices and high-stress lifestyles. This article explores the clinical utility and chemical superiority of Magnesium Bisglycinate, a chelated compound where magnesium is molecularly bound to two glycine molecules. Unlike traditional inorganic salts like Magnesium Oxide, which suffer from low bioavailability (<15%).

The concept of mind has long occupied a central place in philosophical inquiry, yet it remains both deeply familiar and profoundly elusive. Traditional approaches have often treated the mind as an inner, private, and substantial entity, distinct from the body and the external world. This paper examines Ludwig Wittgenstein’s contribution to the philosophy of mind within the analytic tradition, focusing on his critique of Cartesian dualism and introspective accounts of mental phenomena.

The Employees’ State Insurance Scheme as per the ESI Act provides social protection to employees in the organized sector and their dependents. This study mainly conducted to analyse the effectiveness of awareness on ESI scheme on satisfaction of employees enrolled in ESI scheme in Kerala. The effect of awareness about ESI scheme on employees’ satisfaction towards ESI scheme is explored by structural equation model. There is a significant impact on the employees of all ESIC regions in Kerala as they are more aware and satisfied about the benefits of ESI scheme.

The maritime industry occupies a central position in the global economic system by enabling the international movement of goods, raw materials, and energy resources. Approximately ninety percent of world trade by volume and more than seventy percent by value are transported by sea, making shipping the backbone of international commerce. Without efficient maritime transportation, global supply chains would collapse, affecting industrial production, consumer markets, and economic stability across nations.